Možnosti renaturácie lužných lesov v inundačnom území Dunaja z hľadiska súčasných perspektív prirodzenej obnovy.

Pišút, P., Uherčíková, E. 1993:  Možnosti renaturácie lužných lesov v inundačnom území Dunaja z hľadiska súčasných perspektív prirodzenej obnovy. Životné prostredie, 3: 124 - 129. 

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Unikátna pohľadnica. Letecká snímka Bratislavy zo začiatku 20. storočia.

Pišút, P. 1998. Unikátna pohľadnica. Letecká snímka Bratislavy zo začiatku 20. storočia (An unique postcard. Aerial view of Bratislava from early 20th century). Quark, č. 8, s. 23 - 25.

Letecká snínka Bratislavy z roku 1905 vo forme dobovej pohľadnice je skutočným unikátom. Má jedinečnú historickú hodnotu aj z obsahovej stránky. Zachytáva totiž v detailnej podorbnosti priestor Bratislavy pred ďalekosiahlymi, nezvratnými zmenami a súvislou zástavbou pôvodnej pririečnej krajiny, ktoré od základov vyvrátili podobu starého sveta.

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Keď rieky väznil ľad. Príbeh "bežnej" dunajskej povodne obdobia Malej doby ľadovej

Pišút, P., Čejka, T. 2011. Keď rieky väznil ľad. Príbeh "bežnej" dunajskej povodne obdobia Malej doby ľadovej (Rivers imprisoned in the Ice). Thoe story of "commonplace" Danube flood of the Little Ice Age period). In: Říční krajina /River Landscape 7, Olomouc 2011, s. 136 - 141.

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Plán, znázorňujúci novovybudovaný úsek petržalskej cestnej hrádze aj zvyšky starej, s úsekom, pretrhnutým pri ľadovej povodni v r. 1809, ktorým vzdutá voda v marci 1826 zaplavila  rozsiahle oblasti pravobrežnej nivy  

Since 1965, the Danube River in Bratislava, Slovakia has not been completely frozen. However, in the past the ice on Slovak rivers was a common phenomenon. But river ice  also signalled the imminent threat of dangerous and hard-to-predict ice floods. Floods due to ice barriers often accompanying ice break-up were common in our latitudes  during periods of  wetter and cooler climate (e. g. Little Ice Age). The ice was responsible for some of the most disastrous floodings in European rivers. Despite the current extent of river regulations and ongoing global warming, the threat of ice-jam floods is far from being over. In this respect, study of past winter type floodings can provide us with precious knowledge of the origin, course and possible consequences of these natural hazards. In this paper we report of so far little known ice-breakup flood of 1826, that occurred in the Danube River, Slovakia. After six weeks of frozen Danube the relatively cold winter eventually ended with the ice disintegration and movement on February 27, 1826. Clogging of the Danube channel with ice resulted into succesive ice jam flooding in the Bratislava reach and in some parts of Žitný ostrov Island. Our findings are based on reports from local newspaper (Preßburger Zeitung) and cartographic evidence.

Využitie digitálneho modelu reliéfu pri optimalizácii rozmiestnenia pôdnych sond

Jenčo, M., Pišút, P. 2011. Využitie digitálneho modelu reliéfu pri optimalizácii rozmiestnenia pôdnych sond (Use of digital terrain model for an optimal spatial pattering of soil probes). S. 225 - 231. In Sobocká, J. (ed.) Diagnostika, klasifikácia a mapovanie pôd. Výskumný ústav pôdoznalectva a ochrany pôdy, Bratislava, 335 s.

Detailed structure of the pedosphere, as being substantially affected by geometrical land surface forms is respected in majority of pedogeographical studies. This influence is also markedly felt in alluvial soils. The knowledge of the relation between the land surface and soil properties can be used in soil mapping. Optimal spatial pattering of the soil probes based on land surface forms enables reducing of their number in the area surveyed, without consequences on the quality of mapping. By mapping of soils in the alluvial areas we can encounter the problem of the absency of representative information on elevations needed to establish a DTM. Nevertheless, this is not an insoluble problem. In this paper we apply this approach to the model territory of the Danube medieval palaeomeander (Medveďov site, Žitný ostrov Island, Slovakia). Surveyd area is characterised by variety of fluvisols to gleysols situated in the lowermost depressed parts of the landscape. According to field survey, local soils appear to be not so heterogenous as might be expected from the complexity of land surface with alternating several convex and concave forms. This fact can be be explained by lowering of the regional groundwater table in recent decades. There is also textural change of the topsoil humus horison which has been probably affected by the agricultural methods used in the past decades. Current properties of the topsoil humus horisons have been affected by mixing of the original finer alluvial deposits with the coarser ones from the substrate horisons.


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Dunajská povodeň roku 1787 a Bratislava.

Pišút, P., 2011. Dunajská povodeň roku 1787 a Bratislava (The 1787 flood of the River Danube in Bratislava). Geografický časopis, 63 (1): 87-109, English abstract and summary.

The flood that occurred at the turn of October and November of 1787 was probably the second largest one on record of the last millenium in the River Danube. This "All Saints´flood hit most badly the Austrian reach of the Upper Danube and the Slovak section of the Middle Danube with the severest material damage to the area of contemporary greater Bratislava (suburbs of Petržalka and Rusovce). With the estimated peak flow of 11,800 m3.s-1 it had a character of a 200-500 year flood in Bratislava. This paper is aimed to reconstruct the causes, course and effects of the flood, mainly based on analysis of contemporary reports published in the local German newspaper Presburger Zeitung, supplemented by the 1781-1790 manuscipt maps. This flood was exceptional for its occurrence in the autumn period with pronounced geomorphic effects. Fortunately, the high flow only took a minimum toll of lives in Slovakia and its destructive impact on residential buildings, boat mills and vessels was not as devastating as in the case of other large floods, especially those caused by the jammed ice. Nevertheless, it was one of the most destructive events (1787, 1809) that badly damaged the right-bank artificial levee of Petržalka, an important local protective structure intended to prevent flooding and facilitate transportation to Vienna.

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Protiturecké pevnosti na ochranu bratislavského predmostia na historických mapách 17.-19. storočia.

Pišút, P., 2006. Protiturecké pevnosti na ochranu bratislavského predmostia na historických mapách 17.-19. storočia. Anti-Ottoman fortifications for protection of Bratislava´s bridgehead on the 17th-19th century historical maps. In Feranec, J., Pravda, J. (eds.) Aktivity v kartografii 2006. Bratislava, Kartografická spol. SR a Geografický ústav SAV, s. 166-179.

Pôvodná línia petržalských zemných násypov a opevnení s datovaním do r. 1663, zákres na mape A. E. Friča z r. 1751 (mapa č. 3 v prílohe).
Svah zemnej pevnôstky - reduty z r. 1809 severne od Viedenskej cesty, chrániacej prístup k bratislavskému púredmostiu.
Detail pôdorysov dvoch z opevnení na katastrálnej mape Petržalky z r. 1856 (mapa č. 10 v prílohe), indikované hlavne priebehom hraníc jednotlivých parciel.

This paper examines almost unknown fortifications built to defend strategically important Bratislava´s bridgehead in Petržalka. Interpretation of the 18th – 19th historical maps combined with literary data allows to recognise 3 stages in development of redoubts and earthen embankments, which were most likely first constructed in 1682-3. Remnants of originally eight modest-size redoubts, linked with 2 km long embankment, were during the Napoleonic war (1809) rebuilt by Austrian military into 6 larger, polygonal-shaped earthen outposts. Eventually, during the revolution in 1848 two of them near the Vienna highway were repeteadly strengthened by Hungarian Honvéd Army. Their remnants survived until today.

Endangerment of the village Čunovo (Slovakia) by lateral erosion of the Danube River in the 18th Century.

Pišút, P., 2008. Endangerment of the village Čunovo (Slovakia) by lateral erosion of the Danube River in the 18th Century. Moravian Geographical Reports, 16 (4): 33-44. 9 Figs., 39 refs., 18 historical map references.

Analysis of old maps enabled reconstruction of extremely dynamic channel changes of the Danube River along the part of its Slovak reach at the end of the 18th century. Prior to 1790, rapid development of a new Danube meander led to partial destruction of the small village Čunovo near Bratislava. Stone groynes were constructed to protect the undercut banks and to divert the flow into the new channel. Retreat of eroded banks at Čunovo over the periods 1783-1790 and 1790-1794 reached up to 432 and 229 m, respectively. Corresponding maximum rates of lateral erosion 57-72 m per year and/or 31-76 m during a single event are comparatively high in Central European conditions. Initiation and rapid development of the new meander were related to 1) increased river activity during the last onset of the Little Ice Age period, 2) serious channel changes after 1760 on the immediately upstream reach from Bratislava to Rusovce, 3) siltation of the Lesser Danube, but also to 4) local predisposition of the floodplain topography.

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O pôvode názvov dunajských ostrovov Alberwerd a Rudten Leber. The etymology of the Danube Islands Alberwerd and Rudten Leber.

Pišút, P. 2005. O pôvode názvov dunajských ostrovov Alberwerd a Rudten Leber. Spisy Mestského múzea v Bratislave (Acta Musei Civitatas Bratislavensis), zväzok XVII. Bratislava, Mestské múzeum v Bratislave, s.

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Ostrovy Alberwertel a Rudten Leber (vtedy ešte ako bezmenná devínska niva, Töbner Au) na výseku mapy mestských nív od Juraja Rossboitnera z r. 1699. Mapa Jozefa v. Kiša z r. 1778, Archív mesta Bratislavy.
Topoľ čierny - Alber(n) (Populus nigra L.), osamelý mohykán z Vlčieho Hrdla. Foto P.Pišút.

Historical Danube island A l b e r w e r d (werd = older German term for river island) is first evidenced by written sources among several mediaeval islands of Bratislava in 1481 – 1525 (as Alberwer(d)t, Alberswerdt) and later in 1567 – 1578. Additional similar Alberwertel (wertel „little island“) is depicted on a 1698 – 1702 maps (Fig. 1). The island developed from the original gravel bar in the contemporary Danube mainchannel sometime in the late sixteenth- or early seventeenth century (Fig. 2). By colonisation and rapid growth of tree vegetation (Salix sp., Populus sp.) it gradually evolved into 1.7 km long Island of St. Nicolaus (Fig. 3). Alber(n) is German term for a Poplar tree (Populus L.). The local Germans of Pressburg (Bratislava) narrowed its meaning to the Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.). Modern Slovak equivalent for a toponym Alberwerd is „(Black) Poplar Island“. Several hydro- and toponyms were derived from Poplar trees or stands, e. g. the name of the village Albern (today part of Simmering, Vienna city district) or former island Alber(n)haufen (1880 - 1991) near Regensbrunn, at the Austrian stretch of the Danube floodplain upstream from Bratislava.
There was another island with an interesting name close to Alberwertel. Whereas in 1698-1702 (Fig. 1) it was still an unnamed island in possession of Devín (Töbner Au), during 18th century (Fig. 3, 6) it became larger and known as Ru(d)ten-Leber island (Fig. 6). The name consists of German words Rutte(n) and Leber „liver“. Die Rutte (or der Rutten) is the Upper German name for the fish Burbot (Freshwater Codfish, Eelpout, Lota lota, Fig. 5). Burbot is the only European freshwater representative of the Codfish family, common in the Danube. The liver of Burbot have long been a culinary delicacy. The Rudten Leber island was „The Burbot´s Liver“! This bizarre name must have been given to the island by fishermen. Most probably, there was a near resemblance between planform of initial island, clearly seen from adjacent hillslopes (= mid-channel vegetated bar with two accreting lateral gravel bars) and specific three-lobed shape of burbot´s liver. From fishermen´s slang also come names of other local disappeared islands (Gressling; Wolfssdrüssel / Fischdrüssel; Fűszort) and channels (Karpfenwasser).
The 18th Century Rudten Leber island eventually developed into the current Sihoť island, which plays an important role in supplying of drinking water to Bratislava.

Zmena bratislavského Dunaja podľa historických máp.

Pišút, P. 1997. Zmena bratislavského Dunaja podľa historických máp. In Kováčová, M. (ed.) Historické mapy. Zborník z vedeckej konferencie (Bratislava 24. – 25. 4. 1997). Bratislava, Kartografická spoločnosť SR, Slovenský národný archív, 1997. S. 103-114.

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Deštrukcia Petržalky v druhej polovici 18. storočia laterálnou eróziou Dunaja.

Pišút, P., 1993. Deštrukcia Petržalky v 2. polovici 18. storočia laterálnou eróziou Dunaja. Geografický časopis, 45 (1): 41-52. In Slovak, English abstract and summary, 6 Figs., 7 refs.

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Príspevok historických máp k rekonštrukcii vývoja koryta Dunaja na uhorsko-rakúskej hranici (16.-19. storočie).

Pišút, P., 2005. Príspevok historických máp k rekonštrukcii vývoja koryta Dunaja na uhorsko-rakúskej hranici (16.-19. storočie). (Contribution of historical maps to the reconstruction of the Danube channel evolution near the old Hungarian-Austrian border (16th-19th centuries). In Pravda, J. (ed.): Historické mapy, pp. 167-181. In Slovak with English summary, 5 Figs., 23 historical map references, 17 refs.

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Časť toku Dunaja povyše Bratislavy s ostrovmi Grécka niva (Kriechenau) a Potenburská niva (Wottenburger Au), spolu s v tom čase spornými územiami na rukopisnej mapke z r. 1675. Archív mesta Bratislavy, inv. číslo. 1241.

Obr. 2 - Hypotetická rekonštrukcia koryta Dunaja povyše Bratislavy v 17. storočí. Písmeno S označuje lokalizáciu sporných území severne od Cesnakového ramena (znázornených na predchádzajúcej mapke), ktoré neskôr pririekli Wolfsthalu.

Výsledky analýzy časti výplne zaniknutého ramena Dunaja na Žitnom ostrove (príspevok k historickému rozšíreniu niektorých mokraďových druhov).

Pišút, P., Čejka, T., 2005. Výsledky analýzy časti výplne zaniknutého ramena Dunaja na Žitnom ostrove (príspevok k historickému rozšíreniu niektorých mokraďových druhov). In Měkotová, J., Štěrba, O. (eds.) Říční krajina 3., Olomouc, s. 278-286.

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Sekundárny les na dne bývalého ramena a miesto sondy

Schematizovaný priečny profil bývalého ramena

Semienka Batrachium sp.

Žabník (Alisma sp.)

Mäta (Mentha cf. aquatica).

Semienka ostružiny ožinovej (Rubus caesius L.).

Šípovka vodná (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.), subfosílne (vľavo) a recentný exemplár.

Semeno leknice (Nuphar cf. lutea).

Semená haluchovky vodnej (Phellandrium aquaticum L.) a truskavca obyčajného (Hippuris vulgaris L.).

Kúsky bylí trste (Phragmites) resp. šachorovitých rastlín (Cyperaceae).

Kolienka tráv (Poaceae)

Ulitník Vallonia enniensis.

Ulitník Vertigo antivertigo

History of the Ostrov Kopáč island - História územia Ostrova Kopáč.

Pišút, P., Timár, G., 2007. História územia ostrova Kopáč, pp. 7-30. In: Majzlan, O. (ed.) Príroda ostrova Kopáč. Fytoterapia OZ, Bratislava, 287 s. In Slovak with English summary, 6 Figs.

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Ostrov Kopáč, jadro prírodnej rezervácie. Ostrov Kopáč Island, core of the current nature reserve: massive gravel body was deposited by major floods of 1780s-1810s, originally as a large point bar of rapidly developing Danube meander. Foto © P.Pišút.


Ostrov Kopáč, jarný aspekt. Foto 15.4.2007 © P.Pišút.

Zimná nálada na Kopáči. Foto 28.12.2008 © P.Pišút.

Changes in the Danube riverbed from Bratislava to Komárno in the period prior to its regulation for medium water (1886-1896)

Pišút, P., 2006. Changes in the Danube riverbed from Bratislava to Komárno in the period prior to its regulation for medium water (1886 – 1896). In: Mucha, I.; Lisický, M. J. (eds.): Slovak-Hungarian Environmental Monitoring on the Danube. Bratisalava : Ground Water Consulting, s. 186-190. ISBN 80-968211-4-8.

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Obr.V.1.2 - Hypotetická rekonštrukcia rozvetvenia toku Dunaja do hlavných ramien na úseku Bratislava-Komárno v 11.-14. storočí.