Výsledky analýzy rastlinných makrozvyškov z výplne paleomeandra Dunaja pri obci Vrakúň (Žitný ostrov).

Pišút, P., Procházka, P. 2012. Výsledky analýzy rastlinných makrozvyškov z výplne paleomeandra Dunaja pri obci Vrakúň (Žitný ostrov). (Results of the analysis of plant macrofossil of the sedimentary fill of the Danube River palaeomeander (Vrakúň site, Žitný ostrov Island).

The paper presents results of a palaeobotanical study of the Danube River terrestrialised meander Vrakúň (Žitný ostrov Island, SW Slovakia). In total 1 470 diaspores separated from the 280 cm deep core contained mainly seeds of aquatic and marsh plant species, but also the charophyte oospores. Based on plant-macrofossil record supported by radiocarbon data, four local analytical zones were distinguished in the studied core. After the meander abandonment around 510 BC, local hydroseral succession started with the (1) initial calcareous, oligotrophic lake with algae, advanced through (2) eutrophic lake with aquatics and rich littoral vegetation into the (3) lake overgrown with Typha or reed beds and 4. shallow open marsh with Cyperaceae, which have eventually develeoped into the current fen grasslands. The study brings new data on past distribution of several species, which are currently listed as endangered, rare and protected (e. g. Cladium mariscus, Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea) and elucidates a formation of local vegetation over the past millenia.

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Fig. 1 Plant macrofossil diagram from the profile Vrakúň, palaeomeander (histogram based on absolute numbers of diaspore in the horizons). Legend: LAZ - local analytical zone, C - layer with greater number of charred plant remains.

Príspevok k poznaniu genézy pôd a pôdnej pokrývky na Žitnom ostrove (paleomeander Dunaja, Nekyje).

Pišút, P., Procházka, J. 2011. Príspevok k poznaniu genézy pôd a pôdnej pokrývky na Žitnom ostrove (paleomeander Dunaja, Nekyje). (A contribution to the knowledge of soil genesis and soilscape on Žitný ostrov Island (paleomeander of the Danube River, Nekyje site). S. 239 - 246. In Sobocká, J. (ed.) Diagnostika, klasifikácia a mapovanie pôd. Výskumný ústav pôdoznalectva a ochrany pôdy, Bratislava, 335 s.


Pôdna mapa paleomeandra Nekyje.
Soil map of the palaeomeander Nekyje.
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Využitie digitálneho modelu reliéfu pri optimalizácii rozmiestnenia pôdnych sond

Jenčo, M., Pišút, P. 2011. Využitie digitálneho modelu reliéfu pri optimalizácii rozmiestnenia pôdnych sond (Use of digital terrain model for an optimal spatial pattering of soil probes). S. 225 - 231. In Sobocká, J. (ed.) Diagnostika, klasifikácia a mapovanie pôd. Výskumný ústav pôdoznalectva a ochrany pôdy, Bratislava, 335 s.

Detailed structure of the pedosphere, as being substantially affected by geometrical land surface forms is respected in majority of pedogeographical studies. This influence is also markedly felt in alluvial soils. The knowledge of the relation between the land surface and soil properties can be used in soil mapping. Optimal spatial pattering of the soil probes based on land surface forms enables reducing of their number in the area surveyed, without consequences on the quality of mapping. By mapping of soils in the alluvial areas we can encounter the problem of the absency of representative information on elevations needed to establish a DTM. Nevertheless, this is not an insoluble problem. In this paper we apply this approach to the model territory of the Danube medieval palaeomeander (Medveďov site, Žitný ostrov Island, Slovakia). Surveyd area is characterised by variety of fluvisols to gleysols situated in the lowermost depressed parts of the landscape. According to field survey, local soils appear to be not so heterogenous as might be expected from the complexity of land surface with alternating several convex and concave forms. This fact can be be explained by lowering of the regional groundwater table in recent decades. There is also textural change of the topsoil humus horison which has been probably affected by the agricultural methods used in the past decades. Current properties of the topsoil humus horisons have been affected by mixing of the original finer alluvial deposits with the coarser ones from the substrate horisons.


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Paleofloristic and paleofaunistic analysis of Dudváh River oxbow and implication for Late Holocene paleoenvironmental development...

Pišút, P., Břízová, E., Čejka, T., Pipík, R. 2010: Paleofloristic and paleofaunistic analysis of Dudváh River oxbow and implication for Late Holocene paleoenvironmental development of the Žitný ostrov Island (SW Slovakia). Geologica Carpathica, 2010, 61 (6): 513-533.

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Abstract: Žitný ostrov, the largest island of the Danube River (SW Slovakia) was formed to its present-day shape in the Neoholocene period. As a result of increased flood and geomorphological Danube river activity dated to 1378-1528 AD, the lower Dudváh River was abandoned and its alluvium became a part of the Žitný ostrov. Study of Dudváh terrestrialised palaeomeander by means of pollen and macrofossil analysis provides new information about the palaeoenvironments of the Danube Plain. Meander under study was cut-off during the Sub-Boreal period when the land was mostly covered by oak-dominated mixed forest with a notable high frequency of Fagus and Abies. At low-lying depressions, Alnus glutinosa have formed typical alder carrs. The largest decline of the mixed forest occurred during the Sub-Atlantic period. Until the mid-19^th century the region was strongly influenced by shallow groundwater and periodical floods, as reflected by pollen of aquatics and marsh species. Amongst non-arboreal taxa, pollen of Cyperaceae, Brassicaceae/Cuscuta, Poaceae and Apiaceae prevailed. Local successional changes started with i. stage of abandoned oxbow still with influx of moving water, poor in both macrophytes and molluscs, ii. shallow eutrophic oxbow lake with slowly flowing or stagnant water overgrowing with aquatics (Ranunculus subgen. Batrachium, Potamogeton sp., Ceratophyllum demersum etc.) abound with molluscs, iii. an open marsh dominated by Cyperaceae (mainly Carex riparia) with Atriplex prostrata, supporting diverse molluscan and Ostracod fauna. Present-day habitat is a result of landscape changes, which have been associated with draining, intensified agriculture, ruderalisation and spread of invasive species.

Holocénní vývoj nivy Dudváhu (lokalita Štúrová, Žitný ostrov, Slovensko).

Břízová, E., Pišút, P., Čejka, T., Uherčíková, E. 2007. Holocénní vývoj nivy Dudváhu (lokalita Štúrová, Žitný ostrov, Slovensko). In Měkotová, J., Štěrba, O. (eds.) Říční krajina 5, Olomouc, Přírodov. fakulta Univ. Palackého, s. 22-31.

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Príspevok k poznaniu genézy a súčasnej diverzity mäkkých lužných lesov na Žitnom ostrove

Pišút, P., Uherčíková, E., Břízová, E., Hamerlík, L., Čejka, T., 2007. Contribution to the genesis and present-day diversity of softwood floodplain forest at Žitný ostrov Island.

This paper examines alluvial forested swamps of 6 paleomeanders of the former Dudváh river (at Žitný ostrov island, SW Slovakia). Cluster analyses, Twinspan and gradient analysis (DCA) have been adopted to analyse material of 16 phytosoziological relevées and a total of 98 plant species obtained in the course of 2005-2007 seasons. Based on these analyses, examined stands were subdivided into three major groups. First group (2 sites) is represented by poplar monocultures (Populus x canadensis), second (7 sites) by willow – poplar stands with Populus x canescens, Salix alba and S. fragilis and the third one (7 stands) by predominantly willow stands on rather moist sites at the depression bottoms. All examined forests are of secondary origin. They occupy areas of former marshes, which had been partially drained since the early 19th century. Some stands were established naturally, others were intentionally planted for being used as pollard trees. Some species tolerating higher soil salinities (Atriplex prostrata) also occur in the groundlayer vegetation. Today, studied forests represent an important landscape elements in the almost completely deforested agricultural landscape, providing suitable habitats for local flora and fauna. These forest are also valuable as being still free of some common invasive and neophytic tree and plant species (as Negundo aceroides, Aster lanceolatus etc.).

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Rekonstrukce vývoje lesní vegetace na Žitném ostrově na základě pylové analýzy

Břízová, E., Pišút, P., Uherčíková, E., 2007. Reconstruction of the forest vegetation development in the Žitný ostrov Island on the basis of pollen analysis.

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This paper summarizes preliminary results of the study focused on geological characteristics, dating and palaeoecological analysis of sedimentary infill of the former Dudváh River palaeomeander. Study area is located in central part of the Žitný ostrov Island, SW Slovakia, near the village Štúrová. Pollen analysis has been carried on a 100 cm thick sediment profile from paleomeander Štúrová. Analyses of 22 samples characterise the development of the water and terrestrial biotope and the surrounding landscape the last ca 2000 – 2500 years. Pollen transported from longer distances was significant due to the openness of the landscape, coming from northern part of Slovakia mountains. A high degree of afforestation (Abies, Fagus, Picea, woods of alluvial forests) was characteristic for the Younger Subatlantic (X). During Subatlantic period, pollen of synanthropic plants appears. Phases of the aquatic and wetland biotope development were defined on the first (DV-SK1) and second (DV-SK2) zones on the basis of coccal green algae and aquatic and wetland plant ecosystems (Myriophyllum, Trapa natans, Potamogeton). The palynological research was supported by the grants (research program) MZP000257801 (Czech Republic) and VEGA 2/5016/25 and 2/5014/25 (Slovakia).