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Pišút, P., Procházka, P. 2012. Výsledky analýzy rastlinných makrozvyškov z výplne paleomeandra Dunaja pri obci Vrakúň (Žitný ostrov). (Results of the analysis of plant macrofossil of the sedimentary fill of the Danube River palaeomeander (Vrakúň site, Žitný ostrov Island).
The paper presents results of a palaeobotanical study of the Danube River terrestrialised meander Vrakúň (Žitný ostrov Island, SW Slovakia). In total 1 470 diaspores separated from the 280 cm deep core contained mainly seeds of aquatic and marsh plant species, but also the charophyte oospores. Based on plant-macrofossil record supported by radiocarbon data, four local analytical zones were distinguished in the studied core. After the meander abandonment around 510 BC, local hydroseral succession started with the (1) initial calcareous, oligotrophic lake with algae, advanced through (2) eutrophic lake with aquatics and rich littoral vegetation into the (3) lake overgrown with Typha or reed beds and 4. shallow open marsh with Cyperaceae, which have eventually develeoped into the current fen grasslands. The study brings new data on past distribution of several species, which are currently listed as endangered, rare and protected (e. g. Cladium mariscus, Nymphaea alba, Nuphar lutea) and elucidates a formation of local vegetation over the past millenia.
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Fig. 1 Plant macrofossil diagram from the profile Vrakúň, palaeomeander (histogram based on absolute numbers of diaspore in the horizons). Legend: LAZ - local analytical zone, C - layer with greater number of charred plant remains.
Stankoviansky, M., Pišút, P. 2011. Geomorphic response to the Little Ice Age in Slovakia. Geographia Polonica, 84, Special Issue Part 1, 127 - 146.
Geomorphic response to the Little Ice Age (LIA; ca 1250-1890 AD) in Slovakia was marked by the increased occurence and effectiveness of fluvial, runoff, and some gravitational processes. We identified four periods of increased frequency of big floods, namely: (1250) 1378-1526 AD, the 1560s-1570s, the 1590s-1620s, and the 1660s-1850s, while the last period shows two stages (the 1660s-1720s and the 1760s-1850s). Three identified periods of disastrous gullying accompanied by muddy floods (the 14th century, the mid-16th century - the 1730s, the 1780s - the mid-19th century) refer to temporal conformity of both fluvial and runoff processes. High frequency of debris flows in the Slovak part of the Tatra Mts. occured in the period of 1400-1860 AD. Sparse mentions on precipitation -induced particular events of debris flows, landslides or rockfalls are mostly linked with simultanoues occurrence of floods.
Breaches to the side-channel closure (and dike) at the village of Rusovce (Carlburg), illustrating the destructive force of the 1780 and 1784 ice floods.
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Jenčo, M., Pišút, P. 2011. Využitie digitálneho modelu reliéfu pri optimalizácii rozmiestnenia pôdnych sond (Use of digital terrain model for an optimal spatial pattering of soil probes). S. 225 - 231. In Sobocká, J. (ed.) Diagnostika, klasifikácia a mapovanie pôd. Výskumný ústav pôdoznalectva a ochrany pôdy, Bratislava, 335 s.
Detailed structure of the pedosphere, as being substantially affected by geometrical land surface forms is respected in majority of pedogeographical studies. This influence is also markedly felt in alluvial soils. The knowledge of the relation between the land surface and soil properties can be used in soil mapping. Optimal spatial pattering of the soil probes based on land surface forms enables reducing of their number in the area surveyed, without consequences on the quality of mapping. By mapping of soils in the alluvial areas we can encounter the problem of the absency of representative information on elevations needed to establish a DTM. Nevertheless, this is not an insoluble problem. In this paper we apply this approach to the model territory of the Danube medieval palaeomeander (Medveďov site, Žitný ostrov Island, Slovakia). Surveyd area is characterised by variety of fluvisols to gleysols situated in the lowermost depressed parts of the landscape. According to field survey, local soils appear to be not so heterogenous as might be expected from the complexity of land surface with alternating several convex and concave forms. This fact can be be explained by lowering of the regional groundwater table in recent decades. There is also textural change of the topsoil humus horison which has been probably affected by the agricultural methods used in the past decades. Current properties of the topsoil humus horisons have been affected by mixing of the original finer alluvial deposits with the coarser ones from the substrate horisons.
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