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Stankoviansky, M., Pišút, P. 2011. Geomorphic response to the Little Ice Age in Slovakia. Geographia Polonica, 84, Special Issue Part 1, 127 - 146.
Geomorphic response to the Little Ice Age (LIA; ca 1250-1890 AD) in Slovakia was marked by the increased occurence and effectiveness of fluvial, runoff, and some gravitational processes. We identified four periods of increased frequency of big floods, namely: (1250) 1378-1526 AD, the 1560s-1570s, the 1590s-1620s, and the 1660s-1850s, while the last period shows two stages (the 1660s-1720s and the 1760s-1850s). Three identified periods of disastrous gullying accompanied by muddy floods (the 14th century, the mid-16th century - the 1730s, the 1780s - the mid-19th century) refer to temporal conformity of both fluvial and runoff processes. High frequency of debris flows in the Slovak part of the Tatra Mts. occured in the period of 1400-1860 AD. Sparse mentions on precipitation -induced particular events of debris flows, landslides or rockfalls are mostly linked with simultanoues occurrence of floods.
Breaches to the side-channel closure (and dike) at the village of Rusovce (Carlburg), illustrating the destructive force of the 1780 and 1784 ice floods.
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Jenčo, M., Pišút, P. 2011. Využitie digitálneho modelu reliéfu pri optimalizácii rozmiestnenia pôdnych sond (Use of digital terrain model for an optimal spatial pattering of soil probes). S. 225 - 231. In Sobocká, J. (ed.) Diagnostika, klasifikácia a mapovanie pôd. Výskumný ústav pôdoznalectva a ochrany pôdy, Bratislava, 335 s.
Detailed structure of the pedosphere, as being substantially affected by geometrical land surface forms is respected in majority of pedogeographical studies. This influence is also markedly felt in alluvial soils. The knowledge of the relation between the land surface and soil properties can be used in soil mapping. Optimal spatial pattering of the soil probes based on land surface forms enables reducing of their number in the area surveyed, without consequences on the quality of mapping. By mapping of soils in the alluvial areas we can encounter the problem of the absency of representative information on elevations needed to establish a DTM. Nevertheless, this is not an insoluble problem. In this paper we apply this approach to the model territory of the Danube medieval palaeomeander (Medveďov site, Žitný ostrov Island, Slovakia). Surveyd area is characterised by variety of fluvisols to gleysols situated in the lowermost depressed parts of the landscape. According to field survey, local soils appear to be not so heterogenous as might be expected from the complexity of land surface with alternating several convex and concave forms. This fact can be be explained by lowering of the regional groundwater table in recent decades. There is also textural change of the topsoil humus horison which has been probably affected by the agricultural methods used in the past decades. Current properties of the topsoil humus horisons have been affected by mixing of the original finer alluvial deposits with the coarser ones from the substrate horisons.
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Pišút, P., 2011. Dunajská povodeň roku 1787 a Bratislava (The 1787 flood of the River Danube in Bratislava). Geografický časopis, 63 (1): 87-109, English abstract and summary.
The flood that occurred at the turn of October and November of 1787 was probably the second largest one on record of the last millenium in the River Danube. This "All Saints´flood hit most badly the Austrian reach of the Upper Danube and the Slovak section of the Middle Danube with the severest material damage to the area of contemporary greater Bratislava (suburbs of Petržalka and Rusovce). With the estimated peak flow of 11,800 m3.s-1 it had a character of a 200-500 year flood in Bratislava. This paper is aimed to reconstruct the causes, course and effects of the flood, mainly based on analysis of contemporary reports published in the local German newspaper Presburger Zeitung, supplemented by the 1781-1790 manuscipt maps. This flood was exceptional for its occurrence in the autumn period with pronounced geomorphic effects. Fortunately, the high flow only took a minimum toll of lives in Slovakia and its destructive impact on residential buildings, boat mills and vessels was not as devastating as in the case of other large floods, especially those caused by the jammed ice. Nevertheless, it was one of the most destructive events (1787, 1809) that badly damaged the right-bank artificial levee of Petržalka, an important local protective structure intended to prevent flooding and facilitate transportation to Vienna.
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Pišút, P., Timár, G., Vidlička, Ľ. 2010. Šúrsky les a Panónsky háj na starších mapách. In Majzlan, O., Vidlička, Ľ. (eds.) Príroda rezervácie Šúr. Ústav zoológie SAV, pp. 23-66. In Slovak, with English abstract, 1 Tab, 26 Figs.
Šúr a Panónsky háj v roku 1769 na chotárnej mape mape Svätého Jura, ktorú zhotovil Samuel Krieger. Dnešné hranice rezervácií sú vyznačené modrou a čiernou čiarou.
Nature Reserve Šúr and Panónsky háj woodlands on 1769 local manuscript maps by Samuel Krieger, that has been georeferred into the current S-JTSK system.
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Pišút, P., Břízová, E., Čejka, T., Pipík, R. 2010: Paleofloristic and paleofaunistic analysis of Dudváh River oxbow and implication for Late Holocene paleoenvironmental development of the Žitný ostrov Island (SW Slovakia). Geologica Carpathica, 2010, 61 (6): 513-533.
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Abstract: Žitný ostrov, the largest island of the Danube River (SW Slovakia) was formed to its present-day shape in the Neoholocene period. As a result of increased flood and geomorphological Danube river activity dated to 1378-1528 AD, the lower Dudváh River was abandoned and its alluvium became a part of the Žitný ostrov. Study of Dudváh terrestrialised palaeomeander by means of pollen and macrofossil analysis provides new information about the palaeoenvironments of the Danube Plain. Meander under study was cut-off during the Sub-Boreal period when the land was mostly covered by oak-dominated mixed forest with a notable high frequency of Fagus and Abies. At low-lying depressions, Alnus glutinosa have formed typical alder carrs. The largest decline of the mixed forest occurred during the Sub-Atlantic period. Until the mid-19th century the region was strongly influenced by shallow groundwater and periodical floods, as reflected by pollen of aquatics and marsh species. Amongst non-arboreal taxa, pollen of Cyperaceae, Brassicaceae/Cuscuta, Poaceae and Apiaceae prevailed. Local successional changes started with i. stage of abandoned oxbow still with influx of moving water, poor in both macrophytes and molluscs, ii. shallow eutrophic oxbow lake with slowly flowing or stagnant water overgrowing with aquatics (Ranunculus subgen. Batrachium, Potamogeton sp., Ceratophyllum demersum etc.) abound with molluscs, iii. an open marsh dominated by Cyperaceae (mainly Carex riparia) with Atriplex prostrata, supporting diverse molluscan and Ostracod fauna. Present-day habitat is a result of landscape changes, which have been associated with draining, intensified agriculture, ruderalisation and spread of invasive species.
Břízová, E., Pišút, P., Čejka, T., Uherčíková, E. 2007. Holocénní vývoj nivy Dudváhu (lokalita Štúrová, Žitný ostrov, Slovensko). In Měkotová, J., Štěrba, O. (eds.) Říční krajina 5, Olomouc, Přírodov. fakulta Univ. Palackého, s. 22-31.Dowload pdf (Stiahnuť článok)
